Marksizm Neden T\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u00fck Kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 Olmal\u0131? – 3 ve Son<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00fcretim g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin d\u00fczeyi, yaln\u0131zca toplumsal olarak yarat\u0131lan hayvan s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc hakk\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemize ve hayvanlar\u0131n genel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesine dahil edilmesi sorusunu sormam\u0131za olanak vermekle kalmaz. Et end\u00fcstrisinin karbon ayak izine veya bu end\u00fcstrinin kontrols\u00fczce do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 nas\u0131l s\u00f6m\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne k\u0131sa bir bak\u0131\u015f, hayvanlar\u0131n toplumsal d\u00fczlemde ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir Marksist konumlan\u0131\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6nelik acil gereklili\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Kapitalizm ve do\u011fa aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fki g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde insan t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6k\u00fcnden tehlikeye atacak bir boyuta ula\u015ft\u0131; end\u00fcstrile\u015fmi\u015f hayvansal \u00fcretim bu durumun \u00f6nemli sebeplerinden biri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hayvan s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc objektif olarak gereksiz olman\u0131n yan\u0131nda mant\u0131ks\u0131z ve ilerleme kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131. Hayvan s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc su veya soya gibi kaynaklar\u0131n, yerinde ve anlaml\u0131 bir kullan\u0131m yerine et, s\u00fct ve yumurta gibi d\u00fcnyada ak\u0131l d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve s\u00fcrekli artan bir \u015fekilde t\u00fcketimine yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131, monok\u00fclt\u00fcr tar\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, su kirlili\u011fi gibi ekolojik y\u0131k\u0131mlar h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda k\u0131smen geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fs\u00fcz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, et \u00fcretimini g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmeyi veya sosyalist \u00fcretime aktarmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, sermayenin lobi gruplar\u0131 faaliyetlerinin saf ve romantik imgelerine kanmak anlam\u0131na geliyor. G\u0131da ve et end\u00fcstrilerinin ekolojik olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir, vegan ve toplumsal olarak planlanan bir \u00fcretime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ise yerinde bir sosyalist talep olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2026
Toplumsal olarak \u00fcretilen ac\u0131 ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn sona erdirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmenin gerekli oldu\u011funu kabul eden kimselerin, hayvanlar\u0131 bu \u00e7aban\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in -ideolojik sebepler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda- bir nedeni yoktur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz toplumunda temel s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve tahakk\u00fcm ili\u015fkileri olarak sermaye ili\u015fkilerinin analizi, kapitalist k\u00e2r\u0131n yaln\u0131zca \u00fccretli i\u015f\u00e7ilerin de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda hayvanlar\u0131n (ve genel olarak do\u011fan\u0131n) s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Toplum ve do\u011fa aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin kar\u0131n azami seviyeye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapitalist \u00fcretim ayn\u0131 zamanda zenginli\u011fin t\u00fcm kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131, \u201ctopra\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7iyi\u201d [Karl Marx, \u201cKapital\u201d, 1, Cilt, sayfa 482] t\u00fcketir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu ili\u015fkinin t\u00fcmden ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in verilen tavizsiz bir m\u00fccadele hayvanlar\u0131n ve do\u011fan\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fme m\u00fccadelesini kapsamak zorundad\u0131r.
\u00dccretli i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve hayvanlar\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclme bi\u00e7imleri aras\u0131ndaki niteliksel farklara ra\u011fmen, insanlar ve hayvanlar -s\u00fcrekli farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imler alsa da- benzer olarak ac\u0131 \u00e7ekme kapasitesine sahiptir. \u0130nsanlar ve hayvanlar aras\u0131nda toplumsal-tarihsel olarak olu\u015fmu\u015f tedrici farklara ra\u011fmen, ortak olarak kalm\u0131\u015f ac\u0131 \u00e7ekme kapasitesi s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, bu iki t\u00fcr aras\u0131nda kesin ve net bir ayr\u0131m yapmak tutars\u0131z ve yanl\u0131\u015f bilincin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2026
Bu noktada bir\u00e7ok Marksist yolda\u015f ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmeye dair b\u00fct\u00fcn bu lak\u0131rd\u0131lar\u0131n ahlak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k (moralism) oldu\u011funu, ahl\u00e2ki ilkelerin s\u0131n\u0131f bilincine yaslanan anti-kapitalist m\u00fccadelenin temelini olu\u015fturamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek itiraz eder.
\u2026
Burada bahsetti\u011fimiz ac\u0131 \u00e7ekme idealist de\u011fil tarihsel materyalist bir kategoridir. Di\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 veya a\u015fk ac\u0131s\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcnden bir ac\u0131 de\u011fil; toplumun \u00f6rg\u00fctleni\u015finden ve \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerinden kaynaklanan bir ac\u0131d\u0131r; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hafifletilebilir ve hatta topyek\u00fbn ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labilir. Bunu ortadan kald\u0131rma iradesi s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin ve dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n itici g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr- tarihsel materyalizmin k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Marksist kuram i\u00e7erisinde ac\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rmezden gelinmesi, kendi temelinde yatan \u00f6nemli bir unsurun yads\u0131nmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cEn Marksist\u201d anlamdaki siyaset bile ilkin ahl\u00e2ki motivasyonlara sahiptir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00fccretli k\u00f6lelik ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7ekilen ac\u0131 kapitalizmin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir kataliz\u00f6rd\u00fcr. S\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, bask\u0131, emperyalizm ve benzerlerinin \u00fcretiminin kapitalizme i\u00e7kin oldu\u011funu, bir di\u011fer deyi\u015fle kapitalizmin bizim ac\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fimiz ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda meydana geldi\u011fini idrak etmek, Marksistlerin toplumun analizini ve ele\u015ftirisini yapabilmesine ve bu temelde devrimci siyaset yapabilmesine yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2026
S\u0131n\u0131f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelinmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece i\u015f\u00e7ilerin kendi emeklerinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcne, kendilerine, sosyal \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine ve do\u011faya yabanc\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131 da s\u00fcrecektir. Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k end\u00fcstrisinde \u00fccretli i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinde, ac\u0131 \u00e7ekme kapasitesi olan canl\u0131lara zarar verebilmesi, hayvanlar\u0131 end\u00fcstriyel olarak \u00fcretebilmesi -yani \u00f6ld\u00fcrebilmesi- i\u00e7in bu yabanc\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir d\u00fczeye y\u00fckselmesi gereklidir. Kapitalist hayvan s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc s\u00fcrecinde hayvanlarla asli bir ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z oldu\u011fu bilincini yitiririz; bizim de zulmedilebilecek bir bedenimiz oldu\u011funu, insan olman\u0131n ayn\u0131 zamanda hayvan olmak demek oldu\u011funu unuturuz. \u0130nsan\u0131n i\u00e7 do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n bask\u0131lanmas\u0131, toplumsal eme\u011fin kapitalist bi\u00e7imde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinin hem bir ko\u015fulu hem de sonucudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 dikkate ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, \u015fu h\u00fckme de varmam\u0131z gerekir: Kapitalizmin vah\u015feti kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bizi toplumun Marksist bir analizine ve direni\u015fe iten infial deneyimi, hayvan \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesi savunucular\u0131n\u0131n hayvanlar\u0131n ac\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda deneyimledi\u011fi ile ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Hayvanlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 -sermaye- ayn\u0131 zamanda insanlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131d\u0131r. Marksistler, anti-kapitalistler, bu dayan\u0131\u015fma d\u00fcrt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kendi ya\u015famlar\u0131 i\u00e7in de bir kam\u00e7\u0131ya \u00e7evirmeli ve kapitalist \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7leri i\u00e7inde hayvanlar\u0131n pozisyonunu, yani onlar\u0131n da canlar\u0131 pahas\u0131na y\u00f6netici s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n servet birikimine dahil edilen, tahakk\u00fcm alt\u0131nda canl\u0131lar olduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlamal\u0131 ve kabul etmelidirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kaynak: Marksizm ve Hayvan \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Birli\u011fi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Marksizm Neden T\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u00fck Kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 Olmal\u0131? – 3 ve Son G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00fcretim g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin d\u00fczeyi, yaln\u0131zca toplumsal olarak yarat\u0131lan hayvan s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc hakk\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemize ve hayvanlar\u0131n genel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesine dahil edilmesi sorusunu sormam\u0131za olanak vermekle kalmaz. Et end\u00fcstrisinin karbon ayak izine veya bu end\u00fcstrinin kontrols\u00fczce do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 nas\u0131l s\u00f6m\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne k\u0131sa bir bak\u0131\u015f, hayvanlar\u0131n toplumsal d\u00fczlemde ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4797,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[114,43,59,54,57,41,42,111,55,112],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4796"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4796"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4796\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4801,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4796\/revisions\/4801"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4797"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4796"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4796"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4796"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}