Bug\u00fcn Sovyet halklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyay\u0131 fa\u015fizm canavar\u0131ndan kurtarmas\u0131n\u0131n 75\u2019inci y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc. Sovyet K\u0131z\u0131l Ordusu 8 May\u0131s 1945 g\u00fcn\u00fc Hitler fa\u015fizmine \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl darbe vurdu. Fa\u015fizmin d\u00fcnya hakimiyeti kurma r\u00fcyas\u0131n\u0131 berhava etti.<\/p>\n
Sovyet halklar\u0131 7 Kas\u0131m 1917\u2019de Ekim devriminin zaferiyle yeni bir d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni kurma, Sovyetlerde sosyalizmi in\u015fa etme, d\u00fcnyada emperyalist sava\u015flar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesme, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge halklar\u0131n ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yolunu a\u00e7ma i\u015fine iktisaden geri bir \u00fclkede a\u011f\u0131r emperyalist ku\u015fatma alt\u0131nda giri\u015ftiler. Daha devrimin ba\u015f\u0131nda emperyalistlerin hem fiili hem dolayl\u0131 askeri m\u00fcdahalesi ile m\u00fccadele ettiler. Emperyalist Antant g\u00fc\u00e7leri yeni do\u011fmu\u015f devrimi bo\u011fmak i\u00e7in ellerinden geleni yapt\u0131lar. Emperyalistler eski rejimin gerici kuvvetlerini Kol\u00e7ak, Denikin ve ba\u015fka \u00c7arl\u0131k generalleri etraf\u0131nda toplad\u0131lar; Sovyet Rusya\u2019y\u0131 ideolojik sald\u0131r\u0131yla, k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n ate\u015fleriyle ve ekonomik ambargoyla ablukaya ald\u0131lar. \u0130ki y\u0131l i\u00e7inde 10 milyon Sovyet insan\u0131 do\u011frudan emperyalist m\u00fcdahale ve i\u00e7 sava\u015fta hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Sovyet halklar\u0131 devrimin bu ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda t\u00fcm \u00fclkeyi kas\u0131p kavuran i\u00e7 sava\u015f, a\u00e7l\u0131k, karga\u015fa, e\u015fkiyal\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sosyalist devrimin \u00f6l\u00fcm kal\u0131m m\u00fccadelesini verdi. \u0130ki y\u0131l boyunca uygulanan sava\u015f kom\u00fcnizmiyle fel\u00e7 olmu\u015f ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fczene sokma, a\u00e7l\u0131kla bo\u011fu\u015fan kentlerin g\u0131da ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lama, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131 bertaraf etmeyle u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131. Devrim bu felaket y\u0131llar\u0131nda ayakta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Sonraki iki y\u0131l ekonomiyi toparlamak, ticareti canland\u0131rmak ve yeni kurulu\u015f i\u00e7in zemini haz\u0131rlamak amac\u0131yla Lenin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Yeni Ekonomi Politika (NEP) uygulad\u0131. Kimi unsurlar\u0131 1920\u2019lerin sonuna kadar uygulamada kalan bu politika proleter devletin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ve kontroll\u00fc bi\u00e7imde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli kapitalizme m\u00fcsamaha g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bir politikayd\u0131. Bu politika bir yandan fel\u00e7 halindeki iktisadi ya\u015fam\u0131n canlanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7arken \u00f6te yandan k\u0131rsal kesimde kapitalizmi geni\u015f oranda muhafaza etti\u011fi i\u00e7in bir \u2018kulaklar\u2019 (zengin k\u00f6yl\u00fcler) s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu\u015funa, bu s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcnleri stoklamas\u0131 ve karaborsada vurgunlar vurmas\u0131na ve kurulmakta olan sosyalist ekonominin baltalanmas\u0131na neden oluyordu. Gen\u00e7 sovyet devleti 1930\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda kapitalizmin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na ve NEP uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu sonucu olan yeni burjuva unsurlara kar\u015f\u0131 ciddi m\u00fccadele y\u00fcr\u00fctmek ve sosyalist in\u015fay\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerle bo\u011fu\u015furken do\u011fusunda Japon militarizminin bat\u0131da ise g\u00fcney, orta, kuzey ve do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019da bir dizi \u00fclkede iktidar\u0131 zapteden fa\u015fist rejimlerin y\u00fckselen sava\u015f tehdidiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131. Hitler fa\u015fizminin 1933 ba\u015f\u0131nda iktidara gelmesiyle birlikte sivri ucu Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019ni ayaklar alt\u0131na almak olan bir d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 tehlikesinin \u00e7anlar\u0131 g\u00fcmb\u00fcrdemeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin yakla\u015fan sava\u015f tehlikesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda anti-fa\u015fist ve sava\u015f kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir bar\u0131\u015f cephesi kurmak i\u00e7in bat\u0131 devletlerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar, teklifler sonu\u00e7suz kald\u0131. \u00d6zellikle \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131z emperyalizmi Hitler\u2019in \u2018Drang nach Osten\u2019 (Do\u011fu\u2019ya yay\u0131lma) tehditlerini Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019ni ortadan kald\u0131rma f\u0131rsat\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirdi. Polonya, \u00c7ekoslovakya, Avusturya\u2019y\u0131 hakimiyet alt\u0131na alma giri\u015fimleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda me\u015fhur \u2018yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma politikas\u0131\u2019 ile durumu idare etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi bu ko\u015fullarda bir yandan sosyalizmi in\u015fa i\u00e7in i\u00e7 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerle, asr\u0131n gerisinde kalm\u0131\u015f ekonominin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ve eski d\u00fczeni getirme umudunu koruyan burjuva g\u00fc\u00e7lerin sabotajlar\u0131, provokasyonlar\u0131yla cebelle\u015firken bir yandan da sava\u015f end\u00fcstrisini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye, t\u00fcm \u00fclkenin elektrifikasyonunu sa\u011flamaya ve sanayi altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tesis etmeye giri\u015fti. Emperyalist ambrago halen b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler yarat\u0131yordu.
\nDo\u011fu\u2019da Japon emperyalizmi sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7ti; Man\u00e7urya ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00c7in\u2019i fethetmek, Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin Uzak Do\u011fu\u2019daki topraklar\u0131n\u0131 zaptetmek i\u00e7in y\u0131llard\u0131r haz\u0131rlanan Japon militarizmi, Musollini ve Hitler\u2019le \u2018Anti-Komintern Pakt\u2019 kurdu. Hitler ad\u0131m ad\u0131m Avusturya, \u00c7ekoslovakya, Macaristan, Romanya, Bulgarya, Yugoslavya ve Polonya\u2019y\u0131 ya i\u015fgal ederek ya da kendine ba\u011fl\u0131 rejimler kurdurarak kontrol alt\u0131na ald\u0131ktan sonra Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7ti. Bu arada bat\u0131s\u0131ndan gelecek bir tehdidi \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in Bel\u00e7ika ve Fransa\u2019y\u0131 da i\u015fgal etti. Atlantik\u2019ten Karadeniz\u2019e, Akdeniz\u2019den Balt\u0131k Denizi\u2019ne ve \u0130skandinavya\u2019ya kadar t\u00fcm Avrupa fa\u015fist rejimlerin hakimiyetindeydi. Hitler, Musollini, Franco, Salazar, i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki Fransa\u2019n\u0131n kukla h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, k\u0131sacas\u0131 K\u0131ta Avrupas\u0131n\u0131n hemen hemen t\u00fcm\u00fc do\u011fuya yay\u0131l\u0131p Sovyetler Birli\u011fine \u00e7ullanan Hitler fa\u015fizminin sa\u011flam cephe gerisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Hitler fa\u015fizmi Ukrayna, Belorusya, Kafkasya, Balt\u0131k \u00fclkeleri \u00fczerinden \u015fiddetle sald\u0131rd\u0131. \u2018Barbarossa Harekat\u0131\u2019 y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131yla Sovyetler Birli\u011fini alt edip halklar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6lele\u015ftirerek Avrupa \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu kurmak isteyen Hitler r\u00fcyalar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Leningrad, Moskova, Stalingrad can\u0131n\u0131 di\u015fine tak\u0131p direndi. Hitlerin sava\u015f makinas\u0131 Stalingrad \u00f6nlerinde dize getirildi. \u0130\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelerde kom\u00fcnistler \u00f6nderli\u011finde partizan sava\u015flar\u0131yla Hitlerin cephe gerisi y\u0131prat\u0131l\u0131rken, Sovyet K\u0131z\u0131lordusu korkun\u00e7 zorluklarla \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fa \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fa Hitler ordular\u0131n\u0131n pen\u00e7elerini s\u00f6kt\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Sovyet halklar\u0131 milyonlarca kay\u0131p pahas\u0131na destan yazd\u0131lar. \u2018Stalin Baba\u2019 \u00f6nderli\u011finde fa\u015fizm canavar\u0131n\u0131 engin Sovyet topraklar\u0131nda yere serdiler. K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu Sovyet Anavatan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kurtarmakla kalmad\u0131 Avrupa halklar\u0131n\u0131n fa\u015fizm boyunduru\u011fundan kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ileri harekata ge\u00e7ti. Hitler\u2019in g\u00f6z\u00fcd\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f fa\u015fist kuvvetleri peri\u015fan edildi. Berlin \u00f6nlerinde 8 May\u0131s 1945\u2019te kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z teslim oldular.<\/p>\n
Avrupa halklar\u0131n\u0131n ve giderek t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyan\u0131n fa\u015fizm canavar\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z \u015ferefi Sovyet halklar\u0131na ve K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u2019ya aittir. Hitler fa\u015fizminin yay\u0131lmas\u0131yla tehlikenin kendilerine de tehdit olu\u015fturdu\u011funa kanaat getiren \u0130ngiltere ve ABD\u2019nin Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ile \u2018Anti-Hitler Koalisyonu\u2019 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 bir bak\u0131ma mecburi at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ad\u0131md\u0131. \u00d6nemsiz de\u011fildi, sava\u015f\u0131n sonucuna ciddi etkisi oldu; ama sava\u015f\u0131n as\u0131l y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc Sovyet halklar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131, hem can hem de her alanda en a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar\u0131 Sovyetler verdi. <\/p>\n
6 y\u0131l s\u00fcren II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 61 devleti, 1,7 milyar insan\u0131, yani o zamanki d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun %70\u2019ini y\u00f6r\u00fcngesine alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Silah alt\u0131na al\u0131nan askerler 110 milyondu. Cephe gerisinde da\u011flarda, k\u0131rlarda, ormanlarda \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fan Partizanlar\u0131n, kentlerde yeralt\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten direni\u015f\u00e7ilerin say\u0131s\u0131 belli de\u011fil. Do\u011frudan sava\u015f nedeniyle can veren sava\u015f kurbanlar\u0131 70 milyon; bunun 27 milyonu Sovyet insan\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7in halk\u0131 35 \u2013 45 milyon insan\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir. Sovyet kay\u0131plar\u0131yla birlikte Avrupa\u2019da kaybedilen insan say\u0131s\u0131 40-45 milyondur. Hitler\u2019in toplama kamplar\u0131nda, Yahudi ve \u00c7ingene katliamlar\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc insan say\u0131s\u0131 milyonlarcad\u0131r. Do\u011frudan sava\u015f nedeniyle olmasa da, sava\u015f\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131k, hastal\u0131klar ve di\u011fer nedenlerle \u00f6len insan say\u0131s\u0131 ve yaralananlar bu rakamlara dahil de\u011fil.<\/p>\n
Emperyalistler I. D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda sava\u015flara \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlerde rastlanmayan bir \u00f6zellik kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Sava\u015f, art\u0131k cephelerde, siperlerde \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fan silahl\u0131 askerlerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, sivil n\u00fcfusun, askersiz alanlar\u0131n, silahs\u0131z kitlelerin hedef haline getirildi\u011fi kitle k\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f; hatta Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi sava\u015ftaki bir devletin kendi \u2018g\u00fcvenilmez unsurlar\u2019\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kitlesel jenosidi b\u00e7imine b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Hitler \u2013 Musollini ve fa\u015fist Japon militarizmi bu tarz sava\u015f\u0131 tarihte g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir seviyeye \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar. Kendi ana topraklar\u0131 ba\u015fta gelmek \u00fczere hakimiyetleri alt\u0131na giren her yerde \u2018untermensch\u2019leri (alt-insan, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 insan) hem kendi sava\u015f sanayilerinin k\u00f6leleri olarak kulland\u0131, hem kitlesel halde katlettiler. \u00d6te yandan u\u00e7aklarla, tanklarla, toplarla bombalanan kentler, kasabalar, k\u00f6ylerde hedef sadece rakip ordular\u0131n askerleri de\u011fil; do\u011frudan yerle\u015fik n\u00fcfustu. Ku\u015fat\u0131lan kentlerin a\u00e7l\u0131kla, so\u011fukla, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klarla, su kesintileriyle dize getirilmesi sava\u015f ahlak\u0131nda ola\u011fan uygulamaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Sovyetler Birli\u011f ve K\u0131z\u0131l ordu, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na musallat olmu\u015f bu kahredici laneti a\u011f\u0131r bedeller pahas\u0131na savu\u015fturarak halklar\u0131n hakl\u0131 sempatisini kazand\u0131. Sosyalizmi \u015fiddet yoluyla yok etmek isteyen kom\u00fcnizmin en vah\u015fi kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 dize getirildiler. Kendi \u00fclkelerinde \u00e7etin yeralt\u0131 ve partizan sava\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten, \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131ndan kurtulmay\u0131 ba\u015fararak direni\u015fleri organize eden kom\u00fcnistler her \u00fclkede sayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazand\u0131lar. \u0130spanya, Portekiz, Fransa, \u0130talya, Yugoslavya, Yunanistan, Bulgaristan ve daha pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkenin kom\u00fcnistleri kendi halklar\u0131n\u0131n en yurtsever, halka adanm\u0131\u015f en cesur evlatlar\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 pratikte g\u00f6sterdiler. Fa\u015fizmin yenilgisinden sonra dahi uzun y\u0131llar iktidarda kalan Portekiz ve \u0130spanyol fa\u015fizmleri hari\u00e7 di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde kom\u00fcnistler ya iktidara geldiler ya da ortak oldular.<\/p>\n
8 May\u0131s 1945 d\u00fcnya hakimiyeti kurmak isteyen fa\u015fizmin hezimeti, boyunduruk alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 halklar\u0131n kurtulu\u015fu olmakla kalmad\u0131; yeni bir d\u00fcnyan\u0131n do\u011fu\u015funu m\u00fcjdeledi. Zaferin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u00fcnya-tarihseldir:<\/p>\n
a- Ekim devriminden sonra sosyalizmin in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc elveri\u015fli f\u0131rsat bulamayan Sovyet halklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yeni d\u00fczenin kurulmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan nisbeten \u2018bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131\u2019 bir d\u00f6nem do\u011fdu. Ger\u00e7i emperyalistler sava\u015ftan hemen sonra derhal \u2018So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019 ilan ettiler; ama sosyalizmin anavatan\u0131 sosyalizmi tam tesis etmek i\u00e7in i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f engellerden nisbeten kurtulmu\u015f oldu. Sava\u015f, o zamana dek kurulmu\u015f olan ekonomik altyap\u0131y\u0131 korkun\u00e7 tahrip etmi\u015f, ula\u015f\u0131m yollar\u0131, a\u011f\u0131r sanayi tesisleri b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tahrip edilmi\u015f, kentler y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f harap olmu\u015ftu; fakat sava\u015ftan g\u00fc\u00e7lenerek \u00e7\u0131kan K\u0131z\u0131lordu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir g\u00fcc\u00fcn Sovyetlere a\u00e7\u0131k askeri m\u00fcdahale cesareti kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi h\u0131zla sava\u015f\u0131n yaralar\u0131n\u0131 sard\u0131. Sovyet sanayi \u00fcretimi be\u015f y\u0131l gibi k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi (1941 y\u0131l\u0131) \u00fcretim seviyesine y\u00fckselmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131; bu ba\u015far\u0131 tar\u0131mda, ula\u015f\u0131mda, i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f ticarette k\u0131sacas\u0131 di\u011fer alanlardaki ba\u015far\u0131larla takviye edildi. Emperyalizmin Stalin\u2019den Hitler tarz\u0131 korkun\u00e7 bir diktat\u00f6r g\u00f6rmesinin ve g\u00f6stermesinin nedeni budur. Emperyalistler hen\u00fcz So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019a girmeden \u00f6nce \u015fiddetli bir anti-Stalin kampanya ba\u015flatt\u0131lar. \u00c7arl\u0131k zaman\u0131n\u0131n Karay\u00fczleri, Kadetler, eski men\u015fevikler, narodniklerin izleyicisi Sosyal Devrim partisi m\u00fcltecileri, Okrahana\u2019n\u0131n, Kol\u00e7ak \u2013 Denikin\u2019in yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f art\u0131klar\u0131 ve Tro\u00e7kistler taraf\u0131ndan kesintisiz s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen anti-Stalin kampanya Gestapo\u2019nun propaganda malzemeleriyle takviye edilerek emperyalist bat\u0131 bas\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n Sovyet aleyhtar\u0131 karalama bombard\u0131man\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Sosyalizm d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve sosyalizmle alakalar\u0131 kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde halen kom\u00fcnist, sosyalist s\u0131fatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0131srarla \u00fczerlerinde ta\u015f\u0131mak isteyen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u2018Yenilik\u00e7i\u2019 sosyalistin(!), sahte kom\u00fcnistin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 malzeme bug\u00fcn de bu malzemedir. Bunlar sosyalizmin 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardaki y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n vebali ve sorumlulu\u011funu dahi Stalin \u015fahs\u0131nda bizzat kurucu kom\u00fcnistlere y\u00fcklemektedir. Oysa haihaz\u0131rdaki kapitalist Rusya\u2019n\u0131n mevcut temel \u00fcretim altyap\u0131s\u0131 bile milyonlarca insan\u0131n\u0131 sava\u015flarda kaybetmi\u015f kom\u00fcnist ku\u015faklar\u0131n eseridir.<\/p>\n
b- Kapitalist emperyalist sistem Amerika \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde anti- sovyet bir cephede kenetlendi. Daha 5 Nisan 1945\u2019de ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Truman \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu: <\/p>\n
\u201cG\u00f6zlerimizi yak\u0131n ve Orta Do\u011fu\u2019ya \u00e7evirdi\u011fimiz zaman vahim meseleler arzeden bir b\u00f6lge ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yoruz. Bu b\u00f6lgede geni\u015f tabii kaynaklar vard\u0131r. En i\u015flek kara, hava ve deniz yollar\u0131 buradan ge\u00e7mektedir. Bu bak\u0131mdan b\u00fcy\u00fck iktisadi ve stratejik \u00f6nemi vard\u0131r. Fakat bu b\u00f6lgedeki milletlerin hi\u00e7biri ne yaln\u0131z, ne de birlikte, kendilerine y\u00f6neltilecek bir tecav\u00fcze kar\u015f\u0131 koyabilecek kadar kuvvetlidirler. B\u00f6yle olunca da Yak\u0131n ve Orta Do\u011fu\u2019nun bu b\u00f6lge d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck devletler aras\u0131nda kuvvetli bir rekabet alan\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve bu rekabetin birdenbire bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma do\u011furabilece\u011fini kestirmek kolayd\u0131r. Yak\u0131n ve Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya b\u00fcy\u00fck hi\u00e7bir devletin Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler kanal\u0131yla di\u011fer devletlerin menfaatleriyle uzla\u015ft\u0131ramayaca\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir me\u015fru menfaati yoktur. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019in, Yak\u0131n ve Orta Do\u011fu \u00fclkelerinin egemenlik ve toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinin bask\u0131 ve ya s\u0131zma yolu ile tehdit edilmemesi konusunda \u0131srar hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
Churchill Mart 1946\u2019da d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine \u2018Demir bir Perde\u2019 indi\u011fini, \u2018H\u00fcr ve Demokratik\u2019 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u2018So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019 i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu ilan etti. Onu Eyl\u00fcl 1946\u2019da ABD d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131 Byrens takip etti. ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Truman, 12 Mart 1947\u2019de Kongre\u2019de \u201cTruman Doktrini\u201dni ortaya koydu. Truman Amerikan H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin Yunanistan H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nden acil bir mali ve iktisadi yard\u0131m \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u201cYunanistan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr bile \u00fclke olarak kalabilmesi i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusu yard\u0131m\u0131n gerekli oldu\u011funun\u201d anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kom\u00fcnistlerce y\u00f6netilen birka\u00e7 bin silahl\u0131 ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan tehdit edildi\u011fini, Yunanistan H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin mevcut durumla ba\u015f edemedi\u011fini, Yunan ordusunun k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve zay\u0131f oldu\u011funu, bundan dolay\u0131 kendi kendine yeten ve kendi kendine sayg\u0131s\u0131 olan bir demokrasi olabilmesi i\u00e7in Yunanistan\u2019a yard\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini bildirdikten sonra Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n kom\u015fusu olan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de ABD\u2019nin ilgisini hak etti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ABD ve Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemi vurguluyordu. Truman, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye bizim deste\u011fimize ihtiya\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131r. Sava\u015ftan beri T\u00fcrkiye, ulusal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in elzem olan modernizasyonu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in ABD ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019den ek yard\u0131mlar istemi\u015ftir. Bu b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck, Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da d\u00fczenin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir. \u0130ngiltere H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu g\u00fc\u00e7 durum nedeniyle, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye daha fazla mali ve iktisadi yard\u0131m yapamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bize bildirmi\u015ftir. Yunanistan gibi T\u00fcrkiye de ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu yard\u0131m\u0131 almal\u0131d\u0131r. ABD bunu vermelidir. Bu yard\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flayabilecek tek \u00fclke biziz\u201d diyordu.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 George Marshall, taraf\u0131ndan Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ekonomik toparlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir program haz\u0131rland\u0131. Bu do\u011frultuda 12 Temmuz 1947\u2019de Paris\u2019te biraraya gelen Avusturya, Danimarka, Bel\u00e7ika, Yunanistan, \u0130zlanda, \u0130rlanda, \u0130talya, L\u00fcksemburg, Hollanda, Norve\u00e7, Portekiz, \u0130sve\u00e7, \u0130svi\u00e7re, T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa temsilcileri, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n acil ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek ve kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nin istedi\u011fi bi\u00e7imde Avrupa Ekonomik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Konferans\u0131 (Conference of European Economic Co-operation, CEEC) ad\u0131nda bir \u00f6rg\u00fct kurdular. Bunu NATO\u2019nun kurulu\u015fu izledi. Daha \u00f6nce Bel\u00e7ika, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, Fransa, Hollanda ve L\u00fcksemburg taraf\u0131ndan 17 Mart 1948’de anti Sovyet Br\u00fcksel antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 imzalayan Bat\u0131 emperyalizmi \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden, 4 Nisan 1949\u2019da NATO\u2019nun kurulu\u015funu ilan etti. Emperyalist d\u00fcnya ABD \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde anti-sovyet bir blokta toparlan\u0131yor, \u2018kom\u00fcnizm tehdidi\u2019 alt\u0131ndaki \u00fclkeleri \u2018H\u00fcr D\u00fcnya\u2019 etraf\u0131nda tutmak i\u00e7in ortak strateji geli\u015ftiriyordu. Daha sonra CENTO, Ba\u011fdat Pakt\u0131 gibi \u0130ran, Irak, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin dahil edildi\u011fi askeri i\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fctleri de temel olarak anti-Sovyet strateji etraf\u0131nda olu\u015fturulacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n
c- Emperyalist-kapitalist blokun \u00e7ekirdek \u00fclkeleri ABD paras\u0131 dolar\u0131 rezerv para kabul ettikleri yeni bir kapitalist d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni kurdu. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc IMF, D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 gibi finans kurumlar\u0131 olu\u015fturuldu. Yukarda and\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Marshall yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla ba\u015fta Almanya ve Fransa olmak \u00fczere, bat\u0131 ittifak\u0131 \u00fclkelerinin ekonomik rehabilitasyonu i\u00e7in ad\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131. Emperyalistler aras\u0131 \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin bizzat emperyalist \u00fclkeler topraklar\u0131nda sava\u015flarla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlendi\u011fi d\u00f6nem geride b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Emperyalist \u00fclkeler Amerikan hegemonyas\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015fbirlikleri ve organizasyonlar olu\u015fturdular; daha \u00f6nceleri Avrupa topraklar\u0131nda birbirleriyle sava\u015fan \u00fclkeler kendi aralar\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkileri bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l yollardan \u00e7\u00f6zmenin ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi geli\u015ftirmenin \u2018yararlar\u0131n\u0131\u2019 ke\u015ffetti. Bat\u0131 Avrupa kendi tarihinde ilk kez sava\u015fs\u0131z bir d\u00f6nem i\u00e7ine girdi; \u2018refah toplumu\u2019 kurmaya y\u00f6neldi. <\/p>\n
d- Emperyalistler b\u00fct\u00fcn dikkatlerini emperyalist boyunduruktan kurtulmaya, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik zincirlerini k\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan halklar\u0131n m\u00fccadelelerini bast\u0131rmaya; bunun olanakl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda hi\u00e7 olmazsa kapitalist sistemden kopmalar\u0131n\u0131 engellemeye ve sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sosyalist d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geli\u015fip b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini \u00f6nlemeye verdi. Bu tutum emperyalist sava\u015f, i\u015fgal ve m\u00fcdahalelerin \u2018\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00fcnya\u2019 \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Emperyalistler \u00c7in, Hindistan, \u00c7inhindi, Kuzey Afrika, Latin Amerika, Uzak Do\u011fu, Ortado\u011fu ve Afrika \u00fclkelerinde bu \u00fclkeler halklar\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in sava\u015flar y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fcler. Ama buna ra\u011fmen anti-s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci ulusal kurtulu\u015f sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n zaferle sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kazanan \u00fclkelerin \u2018\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir yol\u2019 deneyerek kalk\u0131nma yoluna gitmesini engelleyemediler. Bu hareket zamanla bir Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z \u00dclkeler toplulu\u011funun do\u011fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. <\/p>\n
e- Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019in kurulmas\u0131 ve BM b\u00fcnyesinde emperyalistler taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131k s\u0131k ihlal edilse bile kimi uluslararas\u0131 hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131n benimsenmesi sava\u015f sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli kazan\u0131m\u0131 oldu. BM ezilen uluslar\u0131n siyasal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k talebini hakl\u0131 bir talep olarak deklare etti; uluslar\u0131n kendi kadarlerini kendilerinin tayin etmesi hakk\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 hukukun bir ilkesi olarak kabul edildi. \u0130nsan haklar\u0131, kad\u0131n \u2013 erkek e\u015fitli\u011fi ve t\u00fcm uluslar\u0131n e\u015fit oldu\u011fu, devletleraras\u0131 ihtilaflarda zora ba\u015fvurulmamas\u0131 ilkeleri BM s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine kondu. Devletlerin birbirlerinin i\u00e7i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131, farkl\u0131 sistemlere sahip \u00fclkelerin bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde birarada ya\u015fama, sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 sava\u015flara ba\u015fvurmadan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 lafta da olsa kabul g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve sosyalist sistem hen\u00fcz ayaktayken \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kald\u0131. Ne zaman ki sosyalist sistem \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc, o zaman emperyalistler ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere s\u00f6zde bar\u0131\u015f, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve demokrasi g\u00f6t\u00fcrme bahanesiyle engelsiz m\u00fcdahale eder, \u2018\u00f6nleyici sava\u015f\u2019 kisvesiyle ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00fclkeleri i\u015fgal eder oldular.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bunlar K\u0131z\u0131lordunun 8 May\u0131s 1945\u2019te son darbeyi indirerek fa\u015fizmi alt etmesinin dolays\u0131z \u00fcr\u00fcnleridir. Sovyet halklar\u0131 fa\u015fizmi \u00f6nce p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcp, sonra da ezmemi\u015f, \u0130talya, Almanya ve Japonya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011fini olu\u015fturdu\u011fu, bir dizi devletin de etraf\u0131nda topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Anti-Kom\u00fcntern Pakt \u00f6n\u00fcne koydu\u011fu ba\u015fta Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Avrupa, Afrika, Asya halklar\u0131n\u0131n emperyalist-fa\u015fist ittifak \u00fclkeleri taraf\u0131ndan k\u00f6lele\u015ftirilmesi hedefleri ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fcnya bamba\u015fka bir d\u00fcnya olurdu. Bu nedenle 8 May\u0131s 1945 d\u00fcnya-tarihsel bir zaferdir, d\u00fcnya halklar\u0131n\u0131n kurtulu\u015f bayram\u0131d\u0131r. Kutlu olsun. Stalin \u00f6nderli\u011finde d\u00fcnyay\u0131 felaketten kurtaran K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u2019ya, k\u0131z\u0131l partizanlara, fa\u015fizme kar\u015f\u0131 direnme sava\u015f\u0131nda canlar\u0131n\u0131 veren milyonlarca i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7iye \u015fan olsun!<\/p>\n
Samet Erdogdu
\n07.05.2020<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bug\u00fcn Sovyet halklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyay\u0131 fa\u015fizm canavar\u0131ndan kurtarmas\u0131n\u0131n 75\u2019inci y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc. Sovyet K\u0131z\u0131l Ordusu 8 May\u0131s 1945 g\u00fcn\u00fc Hitler fa\u015fizmine \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl darbe vurdu. Fa\u015fizmin d\u00fcnya hakimiyeti kurma r\u00fcyas\u0131n\u0131 berhava etti. Sovyet halklar\u0131 7 Kas\u0131m 1917\u2019de Ekim devriminin zaferiyle yeni bir d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni kurma, Sovyetlerde sosyalizmi in\u015fa etme, d\u00fcnyada emperyalist sava\u015flar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesme, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge halklar\u0131n ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yolunu …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3261,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[43,54],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3259"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3259"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3259\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3267,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3259\/revisions\/3267"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3261"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3259"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3259"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3259"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}