\n\tHAYATIN \u00c7EL\u0130\u015eK\u0130S\u0130N\u0130 YAKALAMA BECER\u0130S\u0130 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131mda Gazete Patika yazar\u0131, \u00d6SP ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00c7ifty\u00fcrek’in Lenin’i \u00e7arp\u0131tarak sundu\u011fu bir al\u0131nt\u0131ya at\u0131fta bulunmu\u015f, ama al\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n kendisine yer vermemi\u015ftim.<\/p>\n
\tYazar ”Marxizm’i \u00f6zellikle [\u00f6zellikle!]Leninizm’i kendi \u00fclkemizin somutunda yeniden \u00fcretelim”<\/em> diyor; ”yeniden \u00fcretmek”<\/em> istedi\u011fi Lenin’i \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131yordu. <\/p>\n \tKonuyu do\u011fru anlamak i\u00e7in bahsi ge\u00e7en kitab\u0131n ”Almanya’da ‘Radikal’ Kom\u00fcnizm – Liderler – Parti – S\u0131n\u0131f – Kitle”<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 V. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden ba\u015flayal\u0131m. 1920 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda Almanya’da KPD (Kommunistishe Partei Deutschland \/ Saprtak\u00fcs Birli\u011fi) saflar\u0131nda bir b\u00f6l\u00fcnme olur. Frankfurt \/ Main Yerel Grubu taraf\u0131ndan sol muhalefetin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini yans\u0131tan ”KPD’nin B\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi (Spartak\u00fcs Birli\u011fi)”<\/em> adl\u0131 bir bro\u015f\u00fcr yay\u0131nlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n \tBro\u015f\u00fcr proletarya diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, parti diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi konularda Kom\u00fcnist partisini ele\u015ftirir; \u00e7e\u015fitli konularda parti merkezini su\u00e7lar. Sol Kom\u00fcnistler sorunu \u015f\u00f6yle ele al\u0131r: <\/p>\n \t”… \u015eu soru ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar: Diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kim y\u00fcr\u00fctecektir; Kom\u00fcnist partisi mi, yoksa proleter s\u0131n\u0131f m\u0131?…<\/p>\n \t… \u0130lke olarak Kom\u00fcnist Partinin<\/strong> diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc m\u00fc, yoksa proleter s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n<\/strong> diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc m\u00fc hedeflememiz gerekir?!!…”<\/em> [”Sol Radikalizm” Kom\u00fcnizmin \u00c7ocukluk Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, sayfa 32 – 33, \u0130nter Yay\u0131nlar\u0131]\n \tSol kom\u00fcnistlerin s\u00f6zlerini aktarmaya devam edelim: ”Muhalefet [yani kendileri, Sol Kom\u00fcnistler] ba\u015fka bir yol se\u00e7ti. Muhalefet Kom\u00fcnist Partisinin egemenli\u011fi ve parti diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sorununun sadece taktik bir sorun oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir. Her halukarda<\/strong> Kom\u00fcnist Partisinin egemenli\u011fi, bir partinin egemenli\u011finin son bi\u00e7imidir. \u0130lke olarak, proleter s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hedeflenmelidir. Ve partinin t\u00fcm \u00f6nlemleri, onun \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, m\u00fccadele bi\u00e7imi, strateji ve takti\u011fi buna uydurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. … Devrimci m\u00fccadeleye Kom\u00fcnist Partisi \u00f6nderli\u011fi alt\u0131nda kat\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken en geni\u015f proleter \u00e7evre ve katmanlar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in en geni\u015f temelde ve en geni\u015f \u00e7er\u00e7evede yeni \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme bi\u00e7imleri yarat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.” <\/em>[ayn\u0131 yer]\n \tKom\u00fcnist Partinin diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fc, yoksa proleter s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fc diye demagoji yapan sol kom\u00fcnistler; \u00f6nce bu ikisi aras\u0131ndaki kopmaz ba\u011f\u0131 birbirinden kopar\u0131yor; sonra birini \u00f6b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na koyuyor ve nihayet ”parti diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn”<\/strong> de\u011fil, ”proleter s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn hedeflenmesi”<\/strong> gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlard\u0131. <\/p>\n \tSol kom\u00fcnistler yaz\u0131lar\u0131na \u015f\u00f6yle devam ediyorlar:<\/p>\n \t”… Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015fimdi iki Kom\u00fcnist Partisi kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya bulunuyor: Birisi<\/strong>, devrimci m\u00fccadeleyi \u00f6rg\u00fctleme ve bu m\u00fccadeleyi yukar\u0131dan<\/strong> y\u00f6netme \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7inde olan … liderler partisidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n \tDi\u011feri,<\/strong> devrimci m\u00fccadelenin y\u00fckseli\u015fini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan bekleyen, bu m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in hedefe g\u00f6t\u00fcrecek biricik y\u00f6ntem tan\u0131yan ve uygulayan, t\u00fcm parlamenter ve oport\u00fcnist y\u00f6ntemleri reddeden kitle partisidir.<\/strong> Bu biricik y\u00f6ntem, burjuvaziyi amans\u0131zca y\u0131kmak ve ard\u0131ndan sosyalizmi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek \u00fczere proletaryan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kurmakt\u0131r…<\/p>\n \t… Orada liderlerin diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, burada kitlelerin diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc! \u015eiar\u0131m\u0131z budur.”<\/em> [age. , s. 34]\n \tLenin bu z\u0131rvalar hakk\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 yaz\u0131yor:<\/p>\n \t”1903’ten bu yana Bol\u015fevizmin geli\u015fimine bilin\u00e7le kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da onu yak\u0131ndan g\u00f6zlemi\u015f her Bol\u015fevik, bu de\u011ferlendirmeleri okuduktan sonra \u015f\u00f6yle hayk\u0131racakt\u0131r: ‘Ne eski, ne bildik z\u0131rvalar! ‘Radikal \u00e7ocuklu\u011fun ta kendisi!”<\/em> [Sol Radikalizm, Kom\u00fcnizmin \u00c7ocukluk Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, s. 34]\n \t[Hakikaten : ”Ne eski, ne bildik z\u0131rvalar!” … ”Sadece Marksizmi kabul etmek insan\u0131 hatadan kurtarmaz. Ruslar bunu \u00e7ok iyi biliyorlar, \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Marksizm bizde s\u0131k s\u0131k ‘moda’ olmu\u015ftur” <\/em>(age, syf 37)]\n\tLenin devam ediyor:<\/p>\n \t”Bu de\u011ferlendirmelere yak\u0131ndan bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n \tSorunu ‘parti diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fc, s\u0131n\u0131f diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fc? – liderlerin diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fc (partisi mi), kitlelerin diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fc (partisi mi)?’ bi\u00e7iminde koymak bile inan\u0131lmaz ve umutsuz bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmektedir. Bu insanlar gayet \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir \u015feyler ke\u015ffetme<\/strong> \u00e7abas\u0131ndalar ve bu gayretke\u015fliklerinde g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyorlar.”<\/em>[Sol Radikalizm, Kom\u00fcnizmin \u00c7ocukluk Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayn\u0131 yer]\n \tLenin Sol Kom\u00fcnistlerin ”g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7”<\/strong> \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle yan\u0131tl\u0131yor:<\/p>\n \t”Kitlelerin s\u0131n\u0131flara ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 herkes bilir; kitlelerle s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya koyman\u0131n ancak, toplumsal \u00fcretim sistemindeki konumuna g\u00f6re tasnif edilmemi\u015f genel olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlukla, toplumsal \u00fcretim sisteminde \u00f6zel bir konum alan kategoriler kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kondu\u011funda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fini; s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n genellikle ve \u00e7o\u011fu durumda, en az\u0131ndan modern uygar \u00fclkelerde, siyasal partiler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netildi\u011fini; siyasal partilerin, kural olarak, en otorite sahibi, en etkili, en tecr\u00fcbeli, en sorumlu g\u00f6revlere se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ve kendilerine lider denen az \u00e7ok devaml\u0131 insan gruplar\u0131nca y\u00f6netildi\u011fini herkes bilir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar i\u015fin ABC’sidir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar a\u00e7\u0131k ve berrakt\u0131r. Bunun yerine b\u00fct\u00fcn bu anla\u015f\u0131lmaz s\u00f6zlere, bu yeni yapay dile ne gerek vard\u0131? …<\/p>\n \t\u00d6te yandan burada s\u00f6zkonusu olan, \u015fimdilerde ‘moda haline’ gelmi\u015f olan ‘kitle’ ve ‘lider’ parolalar\u0131n\u0131n iyice d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmemi\u015f, ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131zca kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. …”<\/em> [Sol Radikalizm, Kom\u00fcnizmin \u00c7ocukluk Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, s. 34 – 35]\n \tLenin bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n partiyi ve parti disiplinini yads\u0131mak; proletaryay\u0131 burjuvazinin lehine silahs\u0131zland\u0131rmakla ayn\u0131 \u015fey oldu\u011funu belirttikten sonra ekliyor: ”Partiyi kom\u00fcnizmin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan reddetmek, (Almanya’da) kapitalizmin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n arifesinden, kom\u00fcnizmin en alt a\u015famas\u0131na de\u011fil, orta a\u015famas\u0131na da de\u011fil, en y\u00fcksek a\u015famas\u0131na s\u0131\u00e7ramakt\u0131r” diyor ve Rusya’n\u0131n o anki somut durumuna de\u011finiyor. ”Biz Rusya’da (burjuvazinin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra), kapitalizmden sosyalizme, ya da kom\u00fcnizmin alt a\u015famas\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015f yolunda ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131 atmaktay\u0131z. S\u0131n\u0131flar varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedirler ve proletarya iktidar\u0131 ele ald\u0131ktan sonra da uzun y\u0131llar her yerde varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcreceklerdir.”<\/em> [s. 37]\n \tO y\u0131llarda Rusya n\u00fcfusunun en b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck meta \u00fcreticileri olu\u015fturuyordu. Bunlar\u0131 devrime kazanmak, onlarla anla\u015fmak, sab\u0131rl\u0131, uzun vadeli, yava\u015f ve dikkatli bir \u00f6rg\u00fctsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla onlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek ve yeniden e\u011fitmek gerekiyordu. Bu unsurlar proletarya saflar\u0131na karars\u0131zl\u0131k, da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kl\u0131k, bireycilik, bir a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131ktan ba\u015fka bir a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011fa rahat\u00e7a savrulma, moral bozuklu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131rlar. ”Buna direnebilmek i\u00e7in, proletaryan\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctleyici<\/strong> rol\u00fcn\u00fc (ki bu proletaryan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli<\/strong> rol\u00fcd\u00fcr) do\u011fru, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ve muzaffer bi\u00e7imde yerine getirebilmek i\u00e7in, proletarya partisi i\u00e7inde en s\u0131k\u0131 merkeziyet\u00e7ili\u011fe ve disipline gerek vard\u0131r. Proletarya diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc eski toplumun g\u00fc\u00e7lerine ve geleneklerine kar\u015f\u0131, kanl\u0131 ve kans\u0131z, \u015fiddete dayal\u0131 ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l, askeri ve ekonomik, pedagojik ve idari inat\u00e7\u0131 bir m\u00fccadeledir. Milyonlarca ve on milyonlarca insan\u0131n al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fc, korkun\u00e7 bir g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Demir gibi sa\u011flam ve sava\u015fta \u00e7elikle\u015fmi\u015f bir parti olmadan, s\u00f6z konusu s\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7inde namuslu olan ne varsa onun g\u00fcvenini kazanm\u0131\u015f, kitlelerin nabz\u0131n\u0131 tutmas\u0131n\u0131 ve etkilemesini bilen bir parti olmadan bu m\u00fccadeleyi ba\u015far\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fctmek olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r.” Bu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda ”Proletarya partisinin demirden disiplinini (\u00f6zellikle proletarya diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda) az da olsa zay\u0131flatan herkes, ger\u00e7ekte proletaryaya kar\u015f\u0131 burjuvaziye yard\u0131m eder.”<\/em> [age, s. 38 – 39]\n \tB\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 yazd\u0131ktan sonra Lenin, parti i\u00e7inde ”liderlerin diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc”<\/em> ve ”oligar\u015fi”<\/em><\/strong>ye dair su\u00e7lamalar\u0131n hep var oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n \t”Partimiz i\u00e7inde ‘liderlerin diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’ne kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar daima olmu\u015ftur.<\/strong> Partimizin hen\u00fcz resmen mevcut olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, fakat Petersburg’da merkezi bir grubun olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00f6lge gruplar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimini devralaca\u011f\u0131 1895 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 an\u0131ms\u0131yorum. Partimizin IX. Parti Kongresi’nde (Nisan 1920) hakeza ”liderlerin diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc”ne ve ”oligar\u015fi”ye vs. kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir muhalefet vard\u0131.”<\/em> [age, s. 39]\n \tLenin’in t\u0131rnak i\u00e7ine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ”liderlerin diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc”<\/em> ve ”oligar\u015fi”<\/em><\/strong> kelimeleri bol\u015fevik parti y\u00f6netimine ve i\u015fleyi\u015fine ili\u015fkin defalarca yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir su\u00e7lamad\u0131r. Yoksa Lenin taraf\u0131ndan RKP(B)’nin o anki durumuna ili\u015fkin olarak yap\u0131lan bir te\u015fhis, niteleme ya da tasvir de\u011fil. Bu kitab\u0131n yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Nisan – May\u0131s 1920’de bu konu parti i\u00e7inde de halen canl\u0131yd\u0131. Kongrelerini her y\u0131l yapan partinin son \u00fc\u00e7 kongresinde parti ve devlet y\u00f6netimi ile ilgili olarak ciddi tart\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Lenin’in bu eseri yazmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce, (26 Mart – 5 Nisan 1920)’de yap\u0131lan IX. Parti Kongresi’nde muhalif bir grup da ayn\u0131 su\u00e7lamalarla partiye muhalefet eder. Lenin’in kitab\u0131 bir bak\u0131ma bunlara da bir cevapt\u0131r.<\/p>\n \tPartinin IX. Parti Kongresi’nde ”liderlerin diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc”<\/strong><\/strong>ne ve ”oligar\u015fi”<\/strong>ye vs. kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck muhalefet grubu kendisini ”Demokratik Merkeziyet\u00e7ilik Grubu” (Desistler)<\/strong> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131yor ve partiyi ”liderlerin diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc”<\/strong>n\u00fc uygulamakla ve ”oligar\u015fik” <\/strong>y\u00f6netimle su\u00e7luyordu. Gazete Patika yazar\u0131n\u0131n Lenin’e mal etti\u011fi Bol\u015fevik Partisi hakk\u0131ndaki ”oligar\u015fi”<\/strong> su\u00e7lamas\u0131 bu grubun su\u00e7lamas\u0131yd\u0131. Bu grup (Desistler) ilk kez RKP(B)’nin VIII. Kongresi’nde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunlar partinin sovyetlerde ve sendikalarda \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck rol\u00fcn\u00fc reddediyor; s\u0131k\u0131 parti ve devlet disiplinini ele\u015ftiriyor; fraksiyonlar i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve partide grupla\u015fmalara \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck istiyorlard\u0131. <\/p>\n \tVIII. Kongre’de ”Organizasyon Sorunlar\u0131na Dair Karar Tasar\u0131lar\u0131”<\/strong> tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken partinin \u00f6nderlik rol\u00fcn\u00fc diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck ve oligar\u015fiklik olarak yaftalayan Sapronov ve Ossinski’nin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi ”demokratik merkezcilik grubu”<\/strong>; ayn\u0131 ele\u015ftirilerini IX. Kongrede de g\u00fcndeme getirdiler. (Dokumente Der Weltrevulition, Band 2, Arbeiter – Demokratie Oder Parteidiktatur (D\u00fcnya Devrimi Belgeleri, II. cilt, \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Demokrasisi mi, Parti Diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fc?), Frits Kool – Erwin Oberl\u00e4nder, Walter – Verlag Olten und Freiburg im Breisgau]\n \tAyn\u0131 su\u00e7lamay\u0131 ‘‘\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Muhalefeti”<\/strong> ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ba\u015fka bir muhalefet grubu da (X. Kongre’de) yapacakt\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Muhalefeti grubu anar\u015fist, sendikalist bir gruptu. Ekonominin y\u00f6netiminin devlete de\u011fil, ”Genel Rusya \u00dcreticiler Kongresi”<\/strong>ne b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyor; partinin \u00f6nc\u00fc rol\u00fcn\u00fc reddediyor, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck rol\u00fcn\u00fc sendikalar\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla yerine getirece\u011fini iddia ediyorlard\u0131. RKP(B)’nin 8 – 16 Mart 1921’de yap\u0131lan X. Kongresi bu grubun fraksiyoncu tutumun mahkum etti. Kongre, Merkez Komitesi’ni ”her t\u00fcrl\u00fc fraksiyon olu\u015fumunun k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc kaz\u0131mak i\u015fiyle”<\/strong> g\u00f6revlendirdi. Yaln\u0131zca ‘‘\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Muhalefeti” <\/strong>grubunun da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda de\u011fil; ”partinin proleter olmayan ve g\u00fcvenilmeyen unsurlardan temizlenmesi”<\/strong> i\u015fiyle de Merkez Komitesini g\u00f6revlendirdi ve ”i\u015f\u00e7i muhalefeti”, ”demokratik merkezcilik” vb.<\/strong> gruplar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc ile ve derhal da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmalar\u0131 hususunda karar ald\u0131. [age.]\n \tGazete Patika yazar\u0131n\u0131n Lenin’in \u00e7arp\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zleri [a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da ayr\u0131ca verece\u011fim] kitab\u0131n ”Devrimciler Gerici Sendikalarda \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 m\u0131?”<\/strong> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 VI. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \tS\u00f6zkonusu s\u00f6zlerin aras\u0131nda t\u0131rnak i\u00e7inde verilen ”oligar\u015fi”<\/strong> s\u00f6z\u00fc, yukarda da de\u011findi\u011fim gibi, 20’li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, Rusya’da RKP (B) i\u00e7inde ”demokratik merkezcilik grubu” <\/strong>ve ”i\u015f\u00e7i muhalefeti grubu” <\/strong>taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen su\u00e7lamalar\u0131 ima eden mecazi bir s\u00f6zd\u00fcr. Fakat Lenin bu gruplara fazlaca at\u0131fta bulunmaz; yukarda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi, sadece de\u011finir ge\u00e7er. Onun esas amac\u0131 ”Bol\u015fevizmin tarihinde ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc takti\u011finde genel uygulanabilirli\u011fi, genel ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi olan \u015feyleri Bat\u0131 Avrupa’ya uygulamak”<\/strong>t\u0131r. [age, s. 41] Bu y\u00fczden Gerici Sendikalarda \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131 m\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne, kitab\u0131n bu genel plan\u0131na uygun olarak Rus deneyi \u00f6rne\u011fiyle ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n \t”Liderler – parti – s\u0131n\u0131f – kitle aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki ve ayn\u0131 zamanda proletarya diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ve proletarya partisinin sendikalarla ili\u015fkisi \u015fu somut bi\u00e7imi alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck Sovyetler i\u00e7inde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f olan ve son kongresindeki (Nisan 1920) verilere g\u00f6re 611.000 \u00fcyeye sahip Bol\u015feviklerin Kom\u00fcnist Partisi taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen proletarya taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. \u00dcye say\u0131s\u0131 gerek Ekim Devrimi’nden \u00f6nce, gerekse de sonra \u00e7ok fazla dalgalan\u0131yordu, ve eskiden, 1918 ve 1919 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00e7ok daha azd\u0131.”<\/em> [s. 42]\n \tBol\u015fevikler, ba\u015flan\u0131\u00e7tan itibaren, d\u00fczenli kay\u0131t tutan bir partidir. Kongre tutanaklar\u0131, s\u00f6z alan tek tek delegelerin konu\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ana hatlar\u0131yla yans\u0131t\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan oylamalar, delege say\u0131lar\u0131 ve delegelerin ka\u00e7 \u00fcyeyi temsil etti\u011fi bellidir. Bu bak\u0131mdan her kongre, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir t\u00fcr genel \u00fcye say\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eubat devriminden sonraki \u00fcye say\u0131lar\u0131 kitab\u0131n sonundaki notlara g\u00f6re \u015f\u00f6yle: RSD\u0130P (B) VII. T\u00fcm Rusya Konferans\u0131’nda (Nisan Konferans\u0131 \/ 1917) 80 000 \u00fcye. Parti’nin VI. Kongresi’nde (Temmuz – A\u011fustos 1917) 240.000 civar\u0131nda. RKP (B)’nin VII. Kongresinde (Mart 1918) en az \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz bin, VIII. Parti Kongresi’nde (Mart 1919) 313.766’d\u0131r. VIII. Kongre partinin \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00fcye kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n yenilenmesi karar\u0131 al\u0131r ve bu karar, May\u0131s – Eyl\u00fcl 1919 aras\u0131nda uygulan\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede d\u00fczenlenen Parti Haftas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Avrupa Rusyas\u0131’ndaki 38 vilayette 200.000’den fazla yeni \u00fcye kaydedilir. Bunlar\u0131n yar\u0131dan fazlas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7idir.<\/p>\n \t”Partinin enlemesine a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u015fi\u015fmesinden korkuyoruz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc iktidar partisine, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak, ancak kur\u015funa dizilmeyi hakeden kariyeristler ve sahtekarlar s\u0131zmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Partinin kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 -sadece i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclere- son olarak, Yudeni\u00e7’in Petrograd’dan birka\u00e7 verst uzakta, Denikin’in ise Orel’de (Moskova’ya yakla\u015f\u0131k 350 verst) bulundu\u011fu g\u00fcnlerde (1919 k\u0131\u015f\u0131) a\u00e7t\u0131k; yani Sovyet Cumhuriyeti’ni korkun\u00e7 bir tehlikenin, \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir tehlikenin tehdit etti\u011fi, ser\u00fcvencilerin, kariyeristlerin, sahtekarlar\u0131n ve genel olarak karars\u0131z unsurlar\u0131n kom\u00fcnistlere kat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n onlara kariyer sa\u011flamayaca\u011f\u0131 (daha \u00e7ok, idam sehpas\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcm getirece\u011fi) bir d\u00f6nemde a\u00e7t\u0131k.”<\/em>[ayn\u0131 yer]\n \tLenin bu genel tabloyu \u00e7izdikten sonrad\u0131r ki, Gazete Patika yazar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini \u00e7arp\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fu s\u00f6zleri s\u00f6yler: <\/p>\n \t\u201cHer y\u0131l kongresini toplayan (son kongrede bin \u00fcyeye bir delege d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr) parti, 19 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan ve kongrede se\u00e7ilen Merkez Komitesi taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilir; Moskova\u2019daki g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme B\u00fcrosu ve Politik B\u00fcro diye bilinen ve be\u015f Merkez Komitesi \u00fcyesinde olu\u015fan ve Merkez Komitesi Plenumlar\u0131nda se\u00e7ilen daha da dar kurullar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130\u015fte size tam bir \u2018oligar\u015fi\u2019<\/strong>. Parti Merkez Komitesinin y\u00f6nlendirici talimatlar\u0131 olmadan, Cumhuriyetimizin hi\u00e7bir devlet kurumunda hi\u00e7bir \u00f6nemli siyasal ya da \u00f6rg\u00fctsel sorun karara ba\u011flanamaz.\u201d <\/em>[“Sol Radikalizm” Kom\u00fcnizmin \u00c7ocukluk Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, sayfa 42, \u0130nter Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, alt\u0131n\u0131 ben \u00e7izdim)<\/p>\n \tBunlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledikten sonra \u015f\u00f6yle devam ediyor:<\/p>\n \t‘‘Parti \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda do\u011frudan do\u011fruya, son kongre (Nisan 1920) verilerine g\u00f6re 4 milyondan daha fazla \u00fcyeye sahip ve bi\u00e7imsel olarak partisiz<\/strong> olan sendikalara<\/strong> dayan\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekte sendikalar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun y\u00f6netici organlar\u0131n\u0131n hepsi ve ilk planda da elbette T\u00fcm Rusya Sendikalar Merkezi ya da B\u00fcrosu (Rusya Sendikalar Merkez Konseyi) kom\u00fcnistlerden olu\u015fur ve partinin b\u00fct\u00fcn direktiflerini uygular. Yani asl\u0131nda bi\u00e7imsel olarak kom\u00fcnist olmayan, esnek ve nispeten b\u00fcy\u00fck, son derece g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir proleter ayg\u0131ta sahibiz, onun sayesinde Parti, s\u0131n\u0131f<\/strong> ve kitleyle<\/strong> s\u0131ms\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve onun sayesinde Parti’nin \u00f6nderli\u011fi alt\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc <\/strong>ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmektedir. Sendikalarla en s\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011f olmadan, -sadece ekonominin de\u011fil, ordunun in\u015fas\u0131nda da<\/strong>– sendikalar\u0131n co\u015fkulu deste\u011fi, \u00f6zverili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olmadan, \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6netmeyi ve diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeyi b\u0131rak\u0131n ikibu\u00e7uk y\u0131l, ikibu\u00e7uk ay bile ba\u015faramazd\u0131k.”<\/em> [s. 42 -43]\n \tLenin hemen bunun ard\u0131ndan Partisiz \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve K\u00f6yl\u00fc Konferanslar\u0131 ve nihayet t\u00fcm emek\u00e7i kitleleri kapsayan Sovyetler’in rol\u00fc ve i\u015flevlerine de\u011finiyor ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bu tabloyu sunduktan sonra sonucu \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetliyor:<\/p>\n \t<<''Yukar\u0131dan'' diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn pratik ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, proleter devlet mekanizmas\u0131 budur. Umar\u0131z okur, bu mekanizmay\u0131 tan\u0131yan, 25 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, illegal, yeralt\u0131 \u00e7evrelerinden bu mekanizman\u0131n nas\u0131l geli\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6zlemlemi\u015f olan bir Rus Bol\u015fevi\u011fine, ''yukar\u0131dan'' m\u0131, ''a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan'' m\u0131, liderlerin diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fc, kitlelerin diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fc vs. gibi b\u00fct\u00fcn bu gevezeliklerin, neden \u00f6rne\u011fin insan\u0131n sol baca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n m\u0131, yoksa sa\u011f elinin mi daha yararl\u0131 oldu\u011funu tart\u0131\u015fmak kadar g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7, \u00e7ocuk\u00e7a bir sa\u00e7mal\u0131k olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlar.>><\/em> [age, s. 44]\n \tLenin’in ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ”oligar\u015fi”<\/strong> s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc hangi ba\u011flamda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan b\u00fct\u00fcn bu s\u00f6zlerinden sonra ”Hep derim isteyen Lenin\u2019in Lenin ile olan \u00e7eli\u015fkisine s\u0131k\u00e7a rastlayabilir ama bu Lenin\u2019in \u00e7eli\u015fkisi de\u011fil, Lenin\u2019in hayat\u0131n \u00e7eli\u015fkisini yakalama becerisinin taa kendisidir. Zaten bundan hareketle Lenin i\u00e7in 21. yy. siyaset dehas\u0131 dedik Manifestomuzda! Ancak siyaseten zek\u00e2 \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fc olanlar bunu anlamad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in bizim Lenin\u2019i ele\u015ftirdi\u011fimizi anlad\u0131lar” <\/em>diye b\u00f6b\u00fcrlenen 21. YY dahisinin ‘‘a\u015fmak” <\/em>i\u00e7in didindi\u011fi Lenin’i ya hi\u00e7 anlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da bile bile tahrif etti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r san\u0131r\u0131m. E\u011fer \u00f6yle olmasayd\u0131 ”\u00d6rne\u011fin, Lenin\u2019in, gerek parti gerekse devlet yap\u0131lanmas\u0131nda muhalefetteyken kat\u0131 merkeziyet\u00e7i, iktidar olunca tersine hem partide hem de Sovyet cumhuriyetlerinde ademi-merkeziyet\u00e7i duru\u015fu incelemeye de\u011ferdir. Muhalefetteki duru\u015funun aksine iktidarda; parti ve devlet yap\u0131lanmas\u0131nda nas\u0131l da kat\u0131 merkeziyet\u00e7ili\u011fi yerden yere vurdu\u011funu 1923\u2019te yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cSol Kom\u00fcnist Bir \u00c7ocukluk Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d kitab\u0131nda Lenin\u2019den dinleyelim”<\/em> demezdi.<\/p>\n \t Peki bu arkada\u015f, g\u00f6z g\u00f6re g\u00f6re Lenin’i neden \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131yor? \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Leninist parti modeli yerine yepyeni bir parti modeli \u00f6neriyor; kendi tezlerine dayanak bulmak i\u00e7in kimden ne bulursa al\u0131yor; nerde ne bulursa ”alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alan, ataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 atan”<\/em> bu arkada\u015f laf kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda kendi \u00e7ocuk\u00e7a tezlerini yeni bulu\u015flar gibi piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n \tNe diyelim! ”G\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7, \u00e7ocuk\u00e7a sa\u00e7mal\u0131k”<\/strong>lar yapmak her dahinin hakk\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" HAYATIN \u00c7EL\u0130\u015eK\u0130S\u0130N\u0130 YAKALAMA BECER\u0130S\u0130 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131mda Gazete Patika yazar\u0131, \u00d6SP ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00c7ifty\u00fcrek’in Lenin’i \u00e7arp\u0131tarak sundu\u011fu bir al\u0131nt\u0131ya at\u0131fta bulunmu\u015f, ama al\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n kendisine yer vermemi\u015ftim. Yazar ”Marxizm’i \u00f6zellikle [\u00f6zellikle!]Leninizm’i kendi \u00fclkemizin somutunda yeniden \u00fcretelim” diyor; ”yeniden \u00fcretmek” istedi\u011fi Lenin’i \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131yordu. Konuyu do\u011fru anlamak i\u00e7in bahsi ge\u00e7en kitab\u0131n ”Almanya’da ‘Radikal’ Kom\u00fcnizm – Liderler – Parti – S\u0131n\u0131f …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[110],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2718"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2718"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2718\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2719,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2718\/revisions\/2719"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2718"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}