Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Referandum\u2019u haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Barzani, Referandum’un yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil ifadesini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Irak’\u0131n kuzeyinde K\u00fcrt y\u00f6netiminin referandum haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Peki Irak’ta bir K\u00fcrt devletinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 m\u0131 \u00e7iziliyor? Ortado\u011fu uzman\u0131 Serhat Erkmen’in DW T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan analizinde bu sorunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131yor ve referanduma ili\u015fkin s\u00fcreci ve sonras\u0131n\u0131n olas\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiriyor Irak\u2019ta h\u0131zl\u0131 bir siyasi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ve g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesi de\u011fi\u015fimi ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in elinde kalan son b\u00f6lgeleri tekrar kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131rken, Kuzey Irak\u2019ta ise referandum s\u00fcrecinde son d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011fe girildi. Bu iki geli\u015fme birbirine paralel gidiyormu\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir. Fakat tersine i\u015fgal sonras\u0131 Irak\u2019ta ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Erbil-Ba\u011fdat g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesinin en \u00f6nemli d\u00f6neme\u00e7lerinden birisi ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Irak ordusu ve Ha\u015fdi \u015eahabi, Musul merkezini hayli \u00e7etin bir sava\u015ftan sonra epey kay\u0131p vererek I\u015e\u0130D\u2019den geri ald\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u00f6ylesine sert ge\u00e7ti ki, benzerinin daha dar bir alanda dahi olsa Telafer\u2019de de ya\u015fanmas\u0131 bekleniyordu. Fakat s\u00fcrpriz bir bi\u00e7imde Telafer beklendi\u011finden daha kolay geri al\u0131nd\u0131. Tam da bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Kuzey Irak\u2019taki referanduma dair \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f geldi. Musul\u2019un kuzeyinde, Irak ordusunun operasyonlar\u0131 ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce Irak K\u00fcrt B\u00f6lgesel Y\u00f6netimi’ne (IKBY) ba\u011fl\u0131 pe\u015fmergeler taraf\u0131ndan I\u015e\u0130D\u2019den kurtar\u0131lan b\u00f6lgelerin 25 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de yap\u0131lmas\u0131 beklenen referanduma dahil edilmesi istendi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. Buna benzer a\u00e7\u0131klamalar daha \u00f6nce c\u0131l\u0131z bi\u00e7imde yap\u0131lsa da Musul\u2019daki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar nedeniyle dikkat \u00e7ekmiyordu. \u00dcstelik ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Irakl\u0131 K\u00fcrt siyaset\u00e7iler IKBY’nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n “pe\u015fmergenin kurtard\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler\u201d olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 defalarca a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fakat bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar d\u00f6nemin \u015fartlar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6nemsenmemi\u015fti. \u015eimdi Musul\u2019un kuzeyinde kalan ve pe\u015fmergenin denetiminde bulunan il\u00e7eler ve kasabalara referandum sand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n konulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi yeni bir siyasi tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fckleyecek gibi. Kerk\u00fck Vilayet Meclisi\u2019nin referandum karar\u0131 Kerk\u00fck Vilayet Meclisi, 2017\u2019de \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kez kritik bir kararla g\u00fcndeme geliyor. \u0130lk karar K\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u2019nin Kerk\u00fck\u2019te resmi zorunlu dil olmas\u0131yd\u0131. Buna ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar sona ermeden, ikinci bir kararla Kerk\u00fck\u2019e IKBY’nin bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesi karar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u015eimdi de Vilayet Meclisi\u2019nde referanduma kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131. Bu kararlar\u0131n her biri Ba\u011fdat taraf\u0131ndan tepkiyle kar\u015f\u0131lansa da sonuncusu kadar tepki \u00e7eken bir giri\u015fim olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kerk\u00fck\u2019te Vilayet Meclisi 2005\u2019ten bu yana Irakl\u0131 K\u00fcrtlerin denetiminde. O tarihten beri de bir se\u00e7im yap\u0131lmad\u0131. Anayasada var\u0131lan uzla\u015f\u0131ya g\u00f6re Kerk\u00fck\u2019te normalle\u015fmenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi ve sonunda da se\u00e7im yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyordu. Ancak \u015fehirdeki uzla\u015fmazl\u0131klar ve hassas dengeler nedeniyle bu a\u015famalar bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi. Gelinen a\u015famada al\u0131nan karar \u015fehirdeki T\u00fcrkmenlerin tamam\u0131n\u0131n ve Araplar\u0131 bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131yla al\u0131nd\u0131. \u00dcstelik bug\u00fcn hala Kerk\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli il\u00e7elerinden birisi olan Havice I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda. Havice, I\u015e\u0130D \u00f6ncesi Kerk\u00fck\u2019te Arap n\u00fcfusun en yo\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdi. Yani Kerk\u00fck\u2019te sadece T\u00fcrkmenlerin de\u011fil Araplar\u0131n da talepleri dikkate al\u0131nmadan ve fitili ate\u015fleyece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen bir karar al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Musul ve Kerk\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn IKBY a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ortak yanlar\u0131 Musul ve Kerk\u00fck\u2019teki geli\u015fmeleri asl\u0131nda bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak ele almak gerekir. Irakl\u0131 K\u00fcrtler merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmetin tepkisini \u00e7ekece\u011fini bilmesine ra\u011fmen bu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 neden at\u0131yor? \u0130lk neden, \u00e7izilen s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n sadece vilayetlerin idari s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131. Referandum sand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n konulaca\u011f\u0131 yerler muhtemelen Irak’ta K\u00fcrtler devlet ilan ederlerse o devletin hak iddia etti\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlar olacak. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bug\u00fcn Musul ve Kerk\u00fck\u2019te, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde Selahaddin ve Diyala\u2019n\u0131n baz\u0131 il\u00e7elerinde sand\u0131klar\u0131n konuldu\u011fu yerlerin, olas\u0131 bir K\u00fcrt devletinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 olmas\u0131 planlan\u0131yor. \u0130kinci neden b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ekonomik. Kerk\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn ne kadar \u00f6nemli bir petrol kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlatmaya gerek yok. Musul\u2019un kuzeyindeki il\u00e7elerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda ise b\u00fcy\u00fck petrol rezervleri oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Referandum sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 konulmas\u0131 planlanan yerlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131nda I\u015e\u0130D \u00f6ncesinde dev petrol \u015firketi Exxon-Mobil\u2019in arama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 unutulmamal\u0131. \u0130lgin\u00e7 bir bi\u00e7imde Selahaddin Vilayeti’ndeki en tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 b\u00f6lge olan Tuzhurmatu da yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Pelkane (Pulkana) rezervleriyle biliniyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n g\u00f6zetilmesindeki en \u00f6nemli nedenlerden birisi a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde petrolle ili\u015fkili. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc neden, IKBY\u2019nin i\u00e7 siyasi dinamikleriyle ili\u015fkili. Uzun bir s\u00fcredir IKBY\u2019de yap\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00fcn se\u00e7imler KDP\u2019nin say\u0131sal \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koyuyor. Oysa, Kerk\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde KYB\u2019nin denetiminde. Kerk\u00fcks\u00fcz bir K\u00fcrt B\u00f6lgesi (kurulursa gelecekte de K\u00fcrt devleti) sadece ekonomik kaynaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zay\u0131f kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda KDP\u2019nin tekelinde bir siyasi yap\u0131 \u00fcretmeye devam eder. Bu nedenle, Kerk\u00fck’\u00fcn referanduma eklenmesi KYB i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki b\u00f6lgesel \u015fartlar\u0131n K\u00fcrtlerin devlet ilan\u0131na ne zaman olanak tan\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131 bilinmez. Ancak, referandumda Kerk\u00fck\u2019e sand\u0131k konulursa, Kas\u0131m 2017\u2019de yap\u0131lacak ba\u015fkanl\u0131k ve parlamento se\u00e7iminde de sand\u0131k konulmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyecek pratik bir g\u00fc\u00e7 yok. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Ba\u011fdat ile Erbil aras\u0131ndaki sorunlar daha \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeden al\u0131nan bu karar IKBY\u2019nin kendi i\u00e7indeki siyasal dengeleri de alt \u00fcst edebilir. \u0130\u015fte bu nokta da KDP de Musul kozunu oynuyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu b\u00f6lgede KDP di\u011fer partilere g\u00f6re daha \u00fcst\u00fcn. Kerk\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn i\u00e7 dengelerde yarataca\u011f\u0131 etkiyi k\u0131smen de olsa dengeleyebilir. Son olarak, Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin tutumlar\u0131 hala belirsiz. \u015eii partiler bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ge\u00e7iriyor. Ammar El Hekim, Irak \u0130slami Y\u00fcksek Konseyi\u2019nden ayr\u0131ld\u0131 ve orta \u00e7izgide yeni bir parti kurma aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda. Sadr Hareketi de ba\u015fta Suudi Arabistanla ili\u015fkiler olmak \u00fczere b\u00f6lgesel denklemde ilgin\u00e7 ad\u0131mlar at\u0131yor. Ba\u015fbakan Ibadi, kendi partisinin ba\u015f\u0131nda se\u00e7ime gidebilecek mi hen\u00fcz belli de\u011fil. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k milis liderlerinin tutumlar\u0131 daha sert. Hele ki Kerk\u00fck konusunda tutumlar\u0131 iyice sertle\u015fti. S\u00fcnni Araplar ise tamamen da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k. Ba\u011fdat\u2019taki bu belirsizlik, Irakl\u0131 K\u00fcrtlerin i\u015fini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye ve \u0130ran Musul ve Kerk\u00fck\u2019teki geli\u015fmeleri en yak\u0131ndan izleyen \u00fclkeler T\u00fcrkiye ve \u0130ran. T\u00fcrkiye D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Mevl\u00fct \u00c7avu\u015fo\u011flu ge\u00e7en hafta Irak\u2019\u0131 ziyaret etti. Erbil ve Ba\u011fdat\u2019taki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin referanduma kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtti. \u0130ki \u00fclke de referandumun Irak\u2019\u0131 yeni bir krize s\u00fcr\u00fckleyece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Fakat engellemek i\u00e7in somut ad\u0131mlar atmaktan ziyade diplomatik uyar\u0131lar yapmakla yetiniyorlar. Referandum g\u00fcn\u00fcne kadar temaslar s\u00fcrecek gibi. Ancak sonras\u0131 \u015fimdilik belirsizli\u011fini koruyor.<\/p>\n
Kaynak: AmedToday Haber <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Referandum\u2019u haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Barzani, Referandum’un yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil ifadesini kulland\u0131. Irak’\u0131n kuzeyinde K\u00fcrt y\u00f6netiminin referandum haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Peki Irak’ta bir K\u00fcrt devletinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 m\u0131 \u00e7iziliyor? Ortado\u011fu uzman\u0131 Serhat Erkmen’in DW T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan analizinde bu sorunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131yor ve referanduma ili\u015fkin s\u00fcreci ve sonras\u0131n\u0131n olas\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiriyor Irak\u2019ta h\u0131zl\u0131 bir siyasi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ve g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1603,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[43,54,41,42],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1602"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1602"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1602\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1607,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1602\/revisions\/1607"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1603"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1602"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1602"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dengekurdistan.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1602"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}